Articles, Alerts & Perspectives

Kallanish Energy

The oil and gas industry rebounded during the past year through efficiency measures, consolidation and a resurgence of business opportunities related to shale gas development and its impact on upstream, midstream and downstream companies, according to a just-released study by Pittsburgh-based law firm Babst Calland.

As a result, many new opportunities and approaches to regulation, asset optimization and infrastructure are underway, The 2017 Babst Calland Report – Upstream, Midstream and Downstream: Resurgence of the Appalachian Shale Industry; Legal and Regulatory Perspective for Producers and Midstream Operators, found.

“This report provides perspective on the challenges and opportunities of a resurging shale gas industry in the Appalachian Basin, including: the divergence of federal and state policy that creates more uncertainty for industry; increased special interest opposition groups on new issues and forums despite their lack of success in the courts; and the expansion from drilling to midstream development and now to downstream manufacturing that demonstrates the emergence of a more diverse energy economy,” according to Joseph K. Reinhart, co-chair of Babst Calland’s Energy and Natural Resources Group.

Shale gas continues to provide Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia with “significant economic opportunities through employment and related revenue from the development of well sites, building of pipelines necessary to transport gas to market, and new downstream opportunities being created for manufacturing industries due to the volume of natural gas and natural gas liquids produced in the Appalachian Basin.”

Shell’s progress from a year ago to construct an ethane cracker plant in Beaver County, Pa., represents just one example of the expanding downstream market for natural gas, according to the law firm, Kallanish Energy finds.

Many other manufacturing firms are expected to enter the region and establish businesses drawn by the energy and raw materials associated with natural gas and natural gas liquids from the Marcellus and Utica Shale plays. …

Babst Calland released its seventh annual energy industry report entitled The 2017 Babst Calland Report – Upstream, Midstream and Downstream: Resurgence of the Appalachian Shale Industry; Legal and Regulatory Perspective for Producers and Midstream Operators. This annual review of shale gas development activity acknowledges the continuing evolution of this industry in the face of economic, regulatory, legal and local government challenges. To request a copy of the Report, contact info@babstcalland.com.

In this Report, Babst Calland attorneys provide perspective on issues, challenges, opportunities and recent developments in the Appalachian Basin and beyond relevant to producers and operators .

In general, the oil and gas industry has rebounded during the past year through efficiency measures, consolidation and a resurgence of business opportunities related to shale gas development and its impact on upstream, midstream and downstream industries. As a result, many new opportunities and approaches to regulation, asset optimization and infrastructure are underway. Increased spending during the past year has led to a significantly higher rig count in the Appalachian Basin enabling growth in the domestic production of oil and gas as other shale plays across the country experience reductions.

The shale gas industry continues to provide the tri-state region with significant economic opportunities through employment and related revenue from the development of well sites, building of pipelines necessary to transport gas to market, and new downstream opportunities being created for manufacturing industries due to the volume of natural gas and natural gas liquids produced in the Appalachian Basin. Shell’s progress from a year ago to construct an ethane cracker plant in Beaver County, Pennsylvania represents just one example of the expanding downstream market for natural gas. Many other manufacturing firms are expected to enter the region and establish businesses drawn by the energy and raw materials associated with natural gas and natural gas liquids from the Marcellus and Utica shales. …

PA Law Weekly

Job interviews are tough and they can be full of awkward questions. One of the awkward questions many applicants face is a potential employer’s request for an applicant’s compensation history. Not only is that question awkward, but some have theorized that basing starting compensation on an applicant’s historical compensation perpetuates the gender and minority wage gap. As a result, a percentage increase of the current salary of an applicant who is impacted by the wage gap could result in an even wider wage gap when compared to an applicant who is not negatively impacted by the wage gap. Accordingly, there has been a recent trend in several cities and states to propose and even pass legislation banning a new employer from seeking salary history information from an applicant or basing a starting salary on an applicant’s prior salary.

In 2016, Massachusetts became the first state to pass a law prohibiting employers from asking potential candidates about their salary histories prior to making a job offer. Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker signed “The Act to Establish Pay Equity” on Aug. 1, 2016, with an effective date of July 1, 2018. Under this law, among other things, it is unlawful for an employer to “seek the wage or salary history of a prospective employee from the prospective employee or a current or former employer or to require that a prospective employee’s prior wage or salary history meet certain criteria,” Section 105A(c)(2). Salary history bills have also been introduced in other states such as California, New Jersey and Washington.

Cities are also getting in on the action, passing ordinances prohibiting the salary history question. On May 4, Mayor Bill De Blasio of New York City signed a bill into law prohibiting employers from asking applicants about their salary histories or relying on the salary history of an applicant to determine the salary that it will offer to an applicant. …

The PIOGA Press

The oil and gas industry has enjoyed recent successes in two types of ordinance challenges in Pennsylvania. The first victory came in another in a growing line of zoning ordinance validity challenges, this one in Mount Pleasant Township, Washington County. The second victory came in a challenge to Grant Township, Indiana County’s prohibition on underground injection wells.

Mount Pleasant Township

As we reported last year for The PIOGA Press, five municipalities faced zoning ordinance validity challenges in 2015 and 2016. The cases were inspired largely by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s plurality opinion in Robinson Township v. Commonwealth, and essentially argued that the ordinances did not regulate oil and gas development stringently enough, that zoning ordinances cannot permit oil and gas uses in agricultural or residential districts, and that municipalities must engage in extensive environmental assessments when enacting regulations.[1] The zoning hearing boards in Allegheny Township, Westmoreland County, Middlesex Township, Butler County, and Pulaski Township, Lawrence County, each rejected these arguments and upheld the ordinances. The remaining two challenges, in Robinson Township and New Sewickley Township, did not proceed to the merits.[2]

In May 2016, while the Allegheny and Middlesex cases were pending on appeal before the Commonwealth Court and the Pulaski case was pending before the Lawrence County Court of Common Pleas, Citizens for Pennsylvania’s Future (PennFuture), with assistance from Fair Shake Environmental Legal Services (Fair Shake), challenged the Mount Pleasant Township, Washington County, zoning ordinance on similar Robinson Township-based grounds.

Range Resources-Appalachia, LLC, MarkWest Energy Partners, L.P., and owners of a proposed well site intervened in the case. The Mount Pleasant Township Zoning Hearing Board took testimony through nine nights of hearings and ultimately decided, as did the zoning hearing boards in the previous challenges, to uphold the targeted ordinance. …

American College of Environmental Lawyers

(by Chester Babst)

When President Trump issued his energy-related Executive Order in March directing further review by the EPA Administrator of, among other things, the Clean Power Plan, it signaled the death knell for what was arguably President Obama’s centerpiece domestic action on climate change. But while the Order’s likely intent to neutralize this and other rules would have appeared to pave the way for a flurry of lawsuits filed by environmental groups and States particularly concerned about global warming, the federal dockets have thus far been somewhat quiet with respect to the Trump Administration’s handling of prior climate change-related rulemaking.

A group of 10 states have begun to push back, though, by filing a petition in the Second Circuit. The rule that is requested to be reviewed? It doesn’t involve coal-fired power plants. Nor wellpads or compressors. Rather, the petition involves rulemaking aimed at the ominous … ceiling fan. The rule, enacted by the Department of Energy in January, establishes minimum energy efficiency standards for fans manufactured after January 2020 pursuant to the Energy Policy and Conservation Act.  According to the DOE, the rule is projected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by over 200 million tons and methane emissions by 17 million tons through 2049.  Some 12 days after the rule was finalized, DOE delayed the effective date by 60 days with the stated intent of conducting further review and consideration of new regulations, consistent with the Freeze Memo. In March, DOE subsequently pushed back the effective date even further until September, with the basis being that DOE Secretary Rick Perry was, perhaps unsurprisingly, unable to accomplish the review and consideration of the rule within the 60-day timeframe.  …

Pipeline & Gas Journal 

A Conversation with Babst Calland Energy Attorney Keith Coyle.

P&GJ: What are you hearing from the pipeline industry in terms of its expectations on anticipated federal regulatory reforms resulting from President Trump’s executive actions? What are the financial and safety stakes at hand?

Coyle: The pipeline industry has been largely supportive of the actions taken by the new administration. The temporary regulatory freeze the White House imposed on Inauguration Day deferred several significant regulations that President Obama tried to issue at the end of his administration. President Trump’s approval of the Dakota Access and Keystone XL pipelines also fulfilled a key campaign promise and represented a sharp break from the policies pursued by his predecessor.

The recent executive orders on regulatory reform should have a positive impact on federal oversight of the pipeline industry during his administration. If President Trump is able to implement these reforms, the pipeline industry will be operating in a more efficient and effective regulatory environment, which should reduce unnecessary costs and encourage additional investment and development.

P&GJ: How could the Trump administration’s energy regulatory policies affect pipeline safety at the state level?

Coyle: The state agencies that regulate pipeline safety must adopt the minimum federal safety standards established by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). PHMSA initiated two rulemaking proceedings during the Obama administration that proposed significant changes to the safety standards for hazardous liquid and natural gas pipelines.

The new administration is going to have a lot of influence in determining whether and to what extent these regulatory changes become law in the near future. PHMSA is also required, under President Trump’s executive orders on regulatory reform, to identify obsolete or unnecessary regulations for revision or repeal. …

James D. Miller, a shareholder in the Litigation and Construction groups at law firm Babst Calland, was selected by The Legal Intelligencer as a “2017 Lawyer on the Fast Track” in Pennsylvania.

The Legal Intelligencer asked the Pennsylvania legal community to submit nominations for the annual Lawyers on the Fast Track honors. After reviewing their results, a six-member judging panel composed of evaluators from all corners of the legal profession and the state selected 32 attorneys as the 2017 Lawyers on the Fast Track. This recognition is only given to attorneys under the age of 40 who have demonstrated excellence in four categories: development of the law; advocacy and community contributions; service to the bar; and peer and public recognition.

For the full article, click here.

PIOGA Press

The opening days of the Trump administration have seen a flurry of activity focused on regulations affecting the oil and gas industry. President Donald Trump has issued a series of executive orders and presidential memoranda aimed at reducing regulations that impact the energy industry. Congress has also used its authority under the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to repeal several recently issued regulations. While the industry has largely applauded these moves, environmental groups have signaled they intend to challenge these actions aggressively in court.

Executive actions and presidential memoranda

On January 20, the new White House chief of staff issued a regulatory freeze memo instructing executive branch agencies to (1) withdraw rules that had been sent to the Federal Register but had not yet been published; (2) refrain from sending new rules to the Federal Register for publication until a senior official appointed by the administration had reviewed the contents of the rule; and (3) extend the effective date for those rules that had been published prior to Inauguration Day but had not yet taken effect.

On January 24, President Trump issued memoranda calling for the expedited review and approval of the Keystone XL Pipeline and Dakota Access Pipeline projects, which had been blocked or stalled during the previous administration. The president also directed the secretary of commerce to develop a plan within 180 days for using materials and equipment produced in the United States in all new, repaired or replaced pipelines.

On January 30, the president issued an executive order entitled “Reducing Regulations and Controlling Regulatory Costs” (informally known as “the Two-for-One Order”). The Two-forOne Order requires agencies to identify two regulations for repeal for every new regulation the agency proposes or promulgates. …

The State Journal

The “law.” We all agree we need laws to be a civil society, but like other cornerstones of America’s political and social house — such as “liberty” and “freedom” and “equality” — the “law” is complex and can mean many different things.

For example, the law can mean the statutes found in the United States Code or the West Virginia Code that represents the formal laws passed by the Legislature and signed by the head of the executive branch of government. In West Virginia, the state Legislature — both the Senate and House — just concluded 60 days of crafting, debating, amending, rejecting and passing laws that will either by signed into law or vetoed by Gov. Jim Justice. Those that become a law will become part of West Virginia Code.

The law also means the regulations created by government agencies that are supposed to control the way something is done or the way people behave in order to ensure that the intent of the statute is followed. This law, which has the force and effect of a statute, is not considered or voted upon by elected legislators, which is why some believe that the proliferation of regulations from federal agencies must be checked.

The law also means the common law that forms the basis for many civil lawsuits. Whether a party is “negligent” or a product is “defective” is based upon the common law that has developed through court decisions over the years. The common law of West Virginia has been developed by the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia since we became a state in 1863, and even then, West Virginia adopted the common law of Virginia, which had in turn adopted the common law of England. …

Oil & Gas Journal

Air emissions data from actual monitoring and testing contradict articles based on different methods claiming to have found health hazards related to oil and gas work. Data collected by objective parties in the northeastern US over the past 6 years indicate that air quality around oil and gas operations is, in fact, safe. This observation contrasts starkly with arguments made in a variety of published studies cited by opponents of domestic shale development.

Click here to read the full article.

Pennsylvania Business Central
By R. Brock Pronko

Historically, one of the biggest policy differences between Republicans and Democrats has been over labor issues such as unions vs. “right-to-work”, minimum wage, the overtime rule, graduate students’ right to unionize, limiting litigation in EOEC cases, pay transparency, equal pay for women, employee health care benefits, retirement payouts and class action waivers.

As a businessman, sometimes Donald Trump has had an strained relationship with labor unions during the construction of his hotels and golf resorts, occasionally resulting in regulatory disputes and legal battles. A probusiness president and Republican-majority Congress are now in a position to “repeal and replace” pro-labor laws enacted by President Obama and Congressional Democrats.

The President appointed as acting chairman of the National Labor Relations Board Phillip Miscimarra, who has been characterized by Democrats as an “an anti-union lawyer.” The NLRB consists of three members from the President’s party and two members from the opposition. The board currently has two vacancies that will be filled by the President, giving pro-business members the majority.

In 2007, VP Mike Pence, then a U.S. representative from Indiana, voted against the Employee Non-Discrimination Act, which aimed to prevent job discrimination based on sexual orientation. He also voted against raising the minimum wage.

Republican governors have signed “right-to-work” laws. Last month, Missouri became the 28th state to pass a “right-to-work” law. “Right-to-work” laws prohibit labor unions from requiring workers to pay dues as a condition of employment, but by federal law unions are required to provide fair representation to all workers covered by a contract regardless if they pay dues.

If confirmed, Supreme Court justice nominee Neil Gorsuch will likely vote in favor of conservative Republican policies on labor cases that come before the court. …

Breaking Ground

On Thursday, March 9, 2017, the Construction Services group of the law firm of Babst Calland Clements & Zomnir, P.C. held its annual Year in Review Seminar. Attended by over 100 construction professionals, Babst Calland’s Year in Review Seminar summarized and addressed the implications of the most noteworthy construction-related legal developments of 2016, including the latest amendments to Pennsylvania’s Mechanics’ Lien Law, labor and employment issues, cases interpreting Pennsylvania’s payment acts, construction claim damages, and a recent decision involving a jurisdictional dispute on a public construction project.

MECHANICS’ LIEN LAW AMENDMENTS

On October 14, 2014 then-Governor Tom Corbett approved legislation amending Pennsylvania’s Mechanics’ Lien Law. Commonly referred to as Act 142, the amendments established a structured procedure for owners, contractors, and subcontractors to receive and give notice of mechanics’ lien claims, as well as a central electronic repository under which these notices must be filed (the “Directory”). Act 142 was widely supported by both owners (along with construction lenders) and contractors as a means to better identify all subcontractors and material suppliers with lien rights on a project.

Act 142 became effective on December 31, 2016, and the new notice requirements apply only to “searchable projects” beginning after that date and costing at least $1.5 million. Specifically, Act 142 allows the following four notices to be filed with the Directory: (1) Notice of Commencement; (2) Notice of Furnishing; (3) Notice of Completion; and (4) Notice of Nonpayment. Use of the Directory is discretionary, but an owner must file a Notice of Commencement before any labor, work, or materials are furnished for the project if the owner wishes to avail itself of the Directory’s protections. If an owner files a Notice of Commencement, a subcontractor (defined as including first and second tier subcontractors or material suppliers) must file a Notice of Furnishing detailing the work it performed within 45 days of first performing that work or delivering materials to preserve its lien rights. …